Using solar panels for homes has its own benefits. After the recession when many homeowners have felt the impact of not being able to pay for their electricity bills, who wouldn't like the idea of saving some money? Which brings me to my next question, who wouldn't want to save on monthly electrical bills? Well, the answer to all that is none other than solar panels.
For those of you, who don't know the slightest idea on how to use solar panels for your house, don't have to fret. Here, I will be talking about how you can use solar panels for your homes effectively. To start off with, you need to know how much requirement you need for your house. Before that, you will need to have a good idea on your surroundings.
If you are living in a hilly and heavily forested area, then I'm afraid you might not be able to use solar power very effectively. If your place doesn't have sun light all through the year, then that also can be a problem. Of course, the sun doesn't shine throughout the whole year, but you can still make use of the electricity which comes from the home solar power systems.
Using solar energy for homes is a very wise idea as you simply collect the sun rays and then convert it to electricity by using solar panels. With this you are saving about 80% on your electricity bills every month. Doesn't that sound great? However, there is no need to cut off your existing power supply. It is not a very expensive and tedious process to build a solar power system for your house.
There are lots of sources online from which you can information on DIY solar panel kits. They also come with step by step instructions on how to build a solar panel. They are easy to understand as the instruction material provides diagrams also which are easy to read. A word of caution though, if you are not good in electronic terms and don't have an idea on what's going on, it would be wise to use an electrician.
The solar panels usually don't have high volts, but your electronic grid has and it is the best option here as you don't want any accidents. Using solar panels are not expensive as you will need to make a small investment to enjoy an unlimited source of renewable energy. It is important that you place the solar panels where there is plenty of sunlight. It can be either placed on the roof or an open space where you get ample light.
If you can afford ready made panels of $3,000, then go ahead or you can also utilize the DIY solar panel kits that come at only $200. Make sure to select a solar power system that is required by you. You can start of with a small system and later move on with a larger system.
You will be pleased to know that you will be saving almost 80% on your monthly electricity bills. If you are residing in a place where there is lots of sunshine, then you can benefit by building your own DIY solar panels.
Useful information home solar power systems:
http://ezinearticles.com/?Home-Solar-Power-Systems-Uses&id=3547988
Learn how to build a solar panel:
http://ezinearticles.com/?How-to-Build-a-Solar-Panel-Step-by-Step&id=3433747
Learn How to DIY solar panels:
http://ezinearticles.com/?Make-Easy-DIY-Solar-Panels-to-Generate-Your-Own-Electricity-and-Save-on-Your-Monthly-Electric-Bills&id=3832245
EnvironmentallyFriendlyGenerators.com presents you with wealth of information on home wind turbines and homemade solar panels. With us, you will learn the various uses and benefits of these amazing systems. Find out how you can save over 80% of your electrical expenses and protect our environment at the same time!
Thursday, July 29, 2010
Monday, July 26, 2010
Implementing Magnetic Generator For More Energy Efficiency
Magnetic generator is one of the home power solutions that have gained popularity all over the world. This was a controversial topic among the people where some says that it is worth working and others claim that it is not scientifically sound as the manufacturers promise. This is very effective for home as well as commercial purposes. The need for greener environment leads to the necessity of different ways of harnessing alternative clean energy resources. Even though sun, wind, tide and geothermal are good options, only solar and wind power can be harnessed by us.
Magnetic generator is a good choice to generate electricity for home use as well as industrial use as it is cheap, quick and easy to build. In order to build a quality magnetic generator, you need quality working tools. You can also go for second hand parts but be careful while purchasing. If you try to reduce your investment, your maintenance cost may increase. There it is better to spend a handsome amount on installation and make the operational cost cheaper.
Another important thing you need is an informative, detailed guide which can explain you about the building method, working etc. Diagrams are an additional advantage that can make you understand more clearly. This can eliminate all your confusion and frustration. Government is granting many offers to ordinary people to begin power stations at home. Informative programs conducted by many organizations will also help you a lot to know more about this field.
With the use of magnetic energy generator you can generate clean, pollution free, safe energy needed for your purpose. You can also earn a sum of amount on selling out the excess current. This will return you the investment in few years. This is a good choice of method to reduce your electricity bills. It is not necessary that you to be an electrical engineer or a millionaire to start this at home. Initial investment amount and a willing heart are the only necessities. You will definitely find this that is generating electricity at home very interesting.
Besides saving money, you are saving energy for future generation, environment and hence our earth.
Useful information Magnetic generator:
http://ezinearticles.com/?Ways-to-Power-Your-Home-With-a-Magnetic-Generator&id=4592113
Useful information generate electricity:
http://ezinearticles.com/?Learn-How-to-Generate-Electricity-With-a-Magnetic-Generator&id=3380374
Useful information magnetic energy generator:
http://ezinearticles.com/?Make-Your-Own-Magnetic-Energy-Generator&id=3911246
Magnetic generator is a good choice to generate electricity for home use as well as industrial use as it is cheap, quick and easy to build. In order to build a quality magnetic generator, you need quality working tools. You can also go for second hand parts but be careful while purchasing. If you try to reduce your investment, your maintenance cost may increase. There it is better to spend a handsome amount on installation and make the operational cost cheaper.
Another important thing you need is an informative, detailed guide which can explain you about the building method, working etc. Diagrams are an additional advantage that can make you understand more clearly. This can eliminate all your confusion and frustration. Government is granting many offers to ordinary people to begin power stations at home. Informative programs conducted by many organizations will also help you a lot to know more about this field.
With the use of magnetic energy generator you can generate clean, pollution free, safe energy needed for your purpose. You can also earn a sum of amount on selling out the excess current. This will return you the investment in few years. This is a good choice of method to reduce your electricity bills. It is not necessary that you to be an electrical engineer or a millionaire to start this at home. Initial investment amount and a willing heart are the only necessities. You will definitely find this that is generating electricity at home very interesting.
Besides saving money, you are saving energy for future generation, environment and hence our earth.
Useful information Magnetic generator:
http://ezinearticles.com/?Ways-to-Power-Your-Home-With-a-Magnetic-Generator&id=4592113
Useful information generate electricity:
http://ezinearticles.com/?Learn-How-to-Generate-Electricity-With-a-Magnetic-Generator&id=3380374
Useful information magnetic energy generator:
http://ezinearticles.com/?Make-Your-Own-Magnetic-Energy-Generator&id=3911246
Friday, July 23, 2010
Implementing Solar Panels For More Energy Efficiency
Consider solar panels as an investment for a cleaner, greener, and more energy-efficient home for you and your children in the future. In many places in the United States, including California, Arizona, Colorado, and New Jersey, residents are provided with generous incentives to let them purchase solar panels and have them installed to promote solar energy efficiency. Over the last half of the century, the cost of solar panels have dropped considerably, most likely owing much to the increasing awareness in the need for renewable forms of energy to save home energy and the environment.
How to Harness Solar Energy with the Use of Solar Panels
Energy from the sun reaches the Earth for free, but there are certain costs and equipment needed for us humans to take advantage of this infinite source of renewable energy and convert it into a more usable form-electricity. Here enters the concept of photovoltaic systems, one that has been around since the early nineteenth century when French scientist Edmund Becquerel discovered that a semiconductor could convert sunlight into direct current electricity. Today, this technology is directly applied to the use of solar cells mounted on residential rooftops, building tops, or anywhere with direct and unimpeded access to full sunlight.
A modern solar panel is composed of multiple solar cells, which are made of silicon, a natural semiconductor that produces direct current electricity. When sunlight reaches the solar cells, the silicon plate absorbs the radiation and excites a flow of electrons. This flow of electrons is considered direct current electricity, which can be converted into alternating current electricity and transferred to your home with the use of an efficient sine wave inverter.
Tips to Remember When Choosing Solar Panels for the Home
Save home energy better by doing your research on what types of solar panels and related equipment are the most efficient for your type of situation. On limited installation spaces, highly-efficient mono-crystalline solar cells are suggested, although you can always use them on larger spaces if you have the budget for them or use thin-film amorphous cells for areas with partial shading. Look for equally superior mounts, preferably those that are certified to withstand cyclones and wind storms, and sine wave converter to prevent the wastage of DC electricity and ensure full efficiency of your solar power system.
However, do not be too concerned about the efficiency ratings since solar power is virtually an infinitely free source of energy. Regardless of what environmental groups and advocates will tell you, a 60-watt solar cell will produce 60-watts of AC electricity through a true sine wave inverter. You should be more concerned about whether or not the solar power systems you are looking into meet the specifications they claim to have. Look for certifications from the Environmental Protection Agency or other independent bodies that authenticate the effectiveness and safety of these products.
It is important that you look around first before deciding on what brand of home solar power systems to purchase. Compare prices and the length of warranty periods for these products and take your pick. And although high costs do not necessarily translate into high quality products, do not be fooled by cheap prices offered by startup alternative energy companies. High-profile brand names such as Mitsubishi Electric, Surwize, and Evergreen may be able to slash their prices because they have a huge customer base, but smaller companies may use lesser quality materials to reduce costs and allow them to match up to these competitive prices.
Useful information photovoltaic systems:
http://ezinearticles.com/?Uses-of-Photovoltaic-Systems&id=4648038
Useful information solar power systems:
http://ezinearticles.com/?Learn-How-to-Construct-a-Home-Solar-Power-System&id=4623191
Useful information home solar power systems:
http://ezinearticles.com/?Home-Solar-Power-Systems-Uses&id=3547988
How to Harness Solar Energy with the Use of Solar Panels
Energy from the sun reaches the Earth for free, but there are certain costs and equipment needed for us humans to take advantage of this infinite source of renewable energy and convert it into a more usable form-electricity. Here enters the concept of photovoltaic systems, one that has been around since the early nineteenth century when French scientist Edmund Becquerel discovered that a semiconductor could convert sunlight into direct current electricity. Today, this technology is directly applied to the use of solar cells mounted on residential rooftops, building tops, or anywhere with direct and unimpeded access to full sunlight.
A modern solar panel is composed of multiple solar cells, which are made of silicon, a natural semiconductor that produces direct current electricity. When sunlight reaches the solar cells, the silicon plate absorbs the radiation and excites a flow of electrons. This flow of electrons is considered direct current electricity, which can be converted into alternating current electricity and transferred to your home with the use of an efficient sine wave inverter.
Tips to Remember When Choosing Solar Panels for the Home
Save home energy better by doing your research on what types of solar panels and related equipment are the most efficient for your type of situation. On limited installation spaces, highly-efficient mono-crystalline solar cells are suggested, although you can always use them on larger spaces if you have the budget for them or use thin-film amorphous cells for areas with partial shading. Look for equally superior mounts, preferably those that are certified to withstand cyclones and wind storms, and sine wave converter to prevent the wastage of DC electricity and ensure full efficiency of your solar power system.
However, do not be too concerned about the efficiency ratings since solar power is virtually an infinitely free source of energy. Regardless of what environmental groups and advocates will tell you, a 60-watt solar cell will produce 60-watts of AC electricity through a true sine wave inverter. You should be more concerned about whether or not the solar power systems you are looking into meet the specifications they claim to have. Look for certifications from the Environmental Protection Agency or other independent bodies that authenticate the effectiveness and safety of these products.
It is important that you look around first before deciding on what brand of home solar power systems to purchase. Compare prices and the length of warranty periods for these products and take your pick. And although high costs do not necessarily translate into high quality products, do not be fooled by cheap prices offered by startup alternative energy companies. High-profile brand names such as Mitsubishi Electric, Surwize, and Evergreen may be able to slash their prices because they have a huge customer base, but smaller companies may use lesser quality materials to reduce costs and allow them to match up to these competitive prices.
Useful information photovoltaic systems:
http://ezinearticles.com/?Uses-of-Photovoltaic-Systems&id=4648038
Useful information solar power systems:
http://ezinearticles.com/?Learn-How-to-Construct-a-Home-Solar-Power-System&id=4623191
Useful information home solar power systems:
http://ezinearticles.com/?Home-Solar-Power-Systems-Uses&id=3547988
Monday, July 19, 2010
Magnetic Generator - Generate Cheap Electricity At The Comfort of Home
Magnetic generators are really hot property right now. They are the latest breed of clean renewable energy sources just like solar and wind but with several big advantages. These machines work by using the power of magnets to generate electricity, but rather than being science fiction they are very much available to the man in the street today.
First of all, a magnetic power generator can work in all weathers - it doesn't need sun or wind to produce power. That means it can run indoors as well as out and, of course, produces no harmful emissions or toxic fumes. In fact, a standard magnetic generator can run 24/7 in a small room, say under your stairs, and provide up to 50% of you total household energy requirements. Simple math tells you that by building and running two of these machines, you can cover all of your power needs for the lifetime of the device.
Perhaps the best thing about these amazing machines, however, is that they are actually quite simple to build by yourself. The parts are cheap - they only cost a couple of hundred dollars - and are freely available from most hardware stores. No specialist tools are required and even a complete DIY novice can have a working generator built and installed inside a couple of days. When you consider how much money you will save by generating your own free electricity, its not hard to see why this is time and money well spent.
So, can a magnetic generator really provide you with a lifetime's free electricity? The answer is, of course it can, as long as you take time and care to build it right and follow some simple steps to ensure that it is safely installed and maintained. A little work is really al that is required to start benefiting from free electricity.
Useful information renewable energy sources:
http://www.greenearth4energy.com/renewable_energy_sources.html
Useful information generate electricity:
http://ezinearticles.com/?Generate-Electricity-With-a-Magnetic-Power-Generator&id=3716166
Useful information magnetic power generator:
http://www.prlog.org/10304984-magnetic-power-generator-how-to-build-magnetic-generators-to-generate-electricity.html
First of all, a magnetic power generator can work in all weathers - it doesn't need sun or wind to produce power. That means it can run indoors as well as out and, of course, produces no harmful emissions or toxic fumes. In fact, a standard magnetic generator can run 24/7 in a small room, say under your stairs, and provide up to 50% of you total household energy requirements. Simple math tells you that by building and running two of these machines, you can cover all of your power needs for the lifetime of the device.
Perhaps the best thing about these amazing machines, however, is that they are actually quite simple to build by yourself. The parts are cheap - they only cost a couple of hundred dollars - and are freely available from most hardware stores. No specialist tools are required and even a complete DIY novice can have a working generator built and installed inside a couple of days. When you consider how much money you will save by generating your own free electricity, its not hard to see why this is time and money well spent.
So, can a magnetic generator really provide you with a lifetime's free electricity? The answer is, of course it can, as long as you take time and care to build it right and follow some simple steps to ensure that it is safely installed and maintained. A little work is really al that is required to start benefiting from free electricity.
Useful information renewable energy sources:
http://www.greenearth4energy.com/renewable_energy_sources.html
Useful information generate electricity:
http://ezinearticles.com/?Generate-Electricity-With-a-Magnetic-Power-Generator&id=3716166
Useful information magnetic power generator:
http://www.prlog.org/10304984-magnetic-power-generator-how-to-build-magnetic-generators-to-generate-electricity.html
Wednesday, July 14, 2010
Home Solar Panels - Make Solar Power At Home
Are you interested in saving a lot of money on utility bills by making your own solar power at home? You're not alone. High costs and continuous price gouging has everyone interested in other options for power. There are a few things you need to know before you can actually make solar power at home, but don't worry. It's pretty easy to generate electricity from solar energy. Nothing additional is required to generate electricity except a small initial investment.
To make solar power at home the first thing you need is a small starter kit hat will convert the sun's energy into the electrical energy you're looking for to power your home. The main element of a solar energy kit is the solar panels and the connection cables supplying your power. You need to make sure your DIY solar panels are installed in an area where they will receive the most sunlight possible, and you can install these panels pretty much anywhere you want such as your backyard or your roof.
Of course there are a lot of different solar power equipment kits available, and some are better than others. There are a lot of suppliers who sell the same things but at extremely different prices. Make sure you shop around before making your final purchase. Sometimes the equipment cost can get so expensive that it takes an awful long time to recoup the money spent on the equipment itself. So again, make sure you shop around.
Complete home solar panel installation can cost you upwards of $10,000. If you're like me and are having trouble coming up with the extra 10 grand, there's another option. You can learn how to build your own solar panels at home for about $200.
Once you have installed a solar kit in your home you will start generating electricity from solar energy forever. You can even sell extra power you generate back to the utility company. Imagine cashing a check from your electric company after you sold them energy! It's a blast.
Useful information generate electricity:
http://ezinearticles.com/?Generate-Electricity-Using-a-Permanent-Magnet-Generator&id=3616302
Learn how to DIY solar panels:
http://ezinearticles.com/?Have-a-Green-Home-With-DIY-Solar-Panels&id=3754735
Learn how to build your own solar panels:
http://ezinearticles.com/?Build-Your-Own-Solar-Panels-to-Save-Money-and-the-Environment&id=4589558
To make solar power at home the first thing you need is a small starter kit hat will convert the sun's energy into the electrical energy you're looking for to power your home. The main element of a solar energy kit is the solar panels and the connection cables supplying your power. You need to make sure your DIY solar panels are installed in an area where they will receive the most sunlight possible, and you can install these panels pretty much anywhere you want such as your backyard or your roof.
Of course there are a lot of different solar power equipment kits available, and some are better than others. There are a lot of suppliers who sell the same things but at extremely different prices. Make sure you shop around before making your final purchase. Sometimes the equipment cost can get so expensive that it takes an awful long time to recoup the money spent on the equipment itself. So again, make sure you shop around.
Complete home solar panel installation can cost you upwards of $10,000. If you're like me and are having trouble coming up with the extra 10 grand, there's another option. You can learn how to build your own solar panels at home for about $200.
Once you have installed a solar kit in your home you will start generating electricity from solar energy forever. You can even sell extra power you generate back to the utility company. Imagine cashing a check from your electric company after you sold them energy! It's a blast.
Useful information generate electricity:
http://ezinearticles.com/?Generate-Electricity-Using-a-Permanent-Magnet-Generator&id=3616302
Learn how to DIY solar panels:
http://ezinearticles.com/?Have-a-Green-Home-With-DIY-Solar-Panels&id=3754735
Learn how to build your own solar panels:
http://ezinearticles.com/?Build-Your-Own-Solar-Panels-to-Save-Money-and-the-Environment&id=4589558
Friday, July 9, 2010
Build Your Own Magnetic Generator
Wondering whether you can get 100% free green electricity for your house or your office? Building your own free energy magnetic power generator can provide you that free energy. The guide on how to build your generator includes simple and easily followed plans, that will let you create your own free energy generator. A medium to small sized magnetic generator can be made by anybody, with no skills needed in about 2 hours.
What Are The Cost of Building Your Own Magnetic Power Generator?
The cost of making your own magnetic generator is much less expensive than most people think. The generator that I made using the plans cost me a little over a $100 and could power almost a third of my house, which cut my power bills by 30%. If I building either 2 or 3 more (or a larger one) I will be able to be able to live of my green generators and never have to pay my bill.
What Tools Are Needed?
Simple household tools such as a screwdriver is really all you will need. The materials you will need can be bought at hardware stores similar Home Depot.
What Are The Benefits?
Having magnetic power generators have great benefits. The best part about a magnetic generator is that it is totally dependent on the weather conditions around you. Another upside about building an magnetic generator is that it is a lot cheaper.
Summary
http://www.prlog.org/10304984-magnetic-power-generator-how-to-build-magnetic-generators-to-generate-electricity.html
Useful information magnetic generator:
http://ezinearticles.com/?Ways-to-Power-Your-Home-With-a-Magnetic-Generator&id=4592113
Useful information magnetic power:
http://ezinearticles.com/?Magnetic-Power-Provides-a-Low-Cost,-Simple-Method-of-Producing-Cheap-Electricity&id=4589457
What Are The Cost of Building Your Own Magnetic Power Generator?
The cost of making your own magnetic generator is much less expensive than most people think. The generator that I made using the plans cost me a little over a $100 and could power almost a third of my house, which cut my power bills by 30%. If I building either 2 or 3 more (or a larger one) I will be able to be able to live of my green generators and never have to pay my bill.
What Tools Are Needed?
Simple household tools such as a screwdriver is really all you will need. The materials you will need can be bought at hardware stores similar Home Depot.
What Are The Benefits?
Having magnetic power generators have great benefits. The best part about a magnetic generator is that it is totally dependent on the weather conditions around you. Another upside about building an magnetic generator is that it is a lot cheaper.
Summary
- Works in almost all weather, whether it is extremely cold or hot
- Is built with cheap and common materials found all around the world
- Only needs a small area of space to work
- Can get rid of a significant part or your entire power bill
- Has simple steps that any beginners can follow
http://www.prlog.org/10304984-magnetic-power-generator-how-to-build-magnetic-generators-to-generate-electricity.html
Useful information magnetic generator:
http://ezinearticles.com/?Ways-to-Power-Your-Home-With-a-Magnetic-Generator&id=4592113
Useful information magnetic power:
http://ezinearticles.com/?Magnetic-Power-Provides-a-Low-Cost,-Simple-Method-of-Producing-Cheap-Electricity&id=4589457
Tuesday, July 6, 2010
Photovoltaic Modules
Skeptics and pessimist knew it all along: Solar photovoltaic modules could not possible be all that simple. Even the most elegant technology is never perfect, so here are a few things to watch out for.
Wattage ratings on photovoltaic modules are given under ideal laboratory conditions at room temperatures. There are two factors which directly affect module performance out in the real world: percentage of full sub, and temperature.
Full Sun
Most of us seldom see 100% of full sun conditions in our locations. If you are not getting full, bright, shadow-free sun, then your photovoltaic output will be reduced. If you are not getting bright enough sun to cast fairly sharp-edged shadows, then you do not have enough sun to harvest much useful electricity.
Temperature
The current from all modules fades somewhat at higher temperatures. This is not an important consideration until ambient temperatures climb above 80 deg.F, which is not uncommon in the sun. The backs of modules should be as well-ventilated as possible. In very hot installations where surplus water is available, sprinklers are sometimes employed to cool the modules. On the positive side of this same issue, all modules increase output at colder temperatures, as in the wintertime when we need all the help we can get. We have seen cases when the modules were producing 30 % to 40% over specs on a clear, cold winter morning with a fresh reflective snow cover and hungry batteries. What this all boils down to is this: Derate your module output by 15% as a general rule of thumb. If you are designing a panel-direct system (where the modules are connected directly to the pump or fan without charge controllers or batteries), derate by 20%, or by 30% for direct applications in a hot climate.
Shadows
Even a tiny amount of shading dramatically affects module output. Electron flow is like water flow. It flows from high voltage to low voltage. Normally the module is high and the battery or load is lower. A shaded portion of the module drops to very low voltage. Electrons from other portions of the module and even from other modules in the array will find it easier to flow into the low voltage shaded area than into the battery.
Maintenance For Photovoltaic modules
It’s almost laughable how easy maintenance is for photovoltaic modules. Having no moving parts makes them practically maintenance-free. Basically, you keep them clean. It if rains irregularly or if the birds visit often, you would be wise to wipe the modules down. Do not hose them of when they’re hot, since uneven thermal shock could theoretically break the glass. Wash them in the morning or evening.
Control Systems
Conventional controls for photovoltaic systems are usually simple. When the battery reaches a full-charge voltage, the charging current can be directed elsewhere, or the circuit opened. Without a load, module voltage rises 5 to 10 volts and stabilizes harmlessly. When the battery voltage drops to a certain set-point, the charging circuit is closed and the modules go back to charging. Most controllers offer a few other whistles and bells like nighttime disconnect, LED indicator lights, etc.
You may be interested to explore more on photovoltaic cells and how do they work.
Useful information Solar photovoltaic:
http://www.greenearth4energy.com/solar_photovoltaic.html
Useful information photovoltaic systems:
http://www.greenearth4energy.com/photovoltaic_systems.html
Useful information photovoltaic cells:
http://ezinearticles.com/?How-Crystalline-Solar-Photovoltaic-Cells-Work&id=2768475
Wattage ratings on photovoltaic modules are given under ideal laboratory conditions at room temperatures. There are two factors which directly affect module performance out in the real world: percentage of full sub, and temperature.
Full Sun
Most of us seldom see 100% of full sun conditions in our locations. If you are not getting full, bright, shadow-free sun, then your photovoltaic output will be reduced. If you are not getting bright enough sun to cast fairly sharp-edged shadows, then you do not have enough sun to harvest much useful electricity.
Temperature
The current from all modules fades somewhat at higher temperatures. This is not an important consideration until ambient temperatures climb above 80 deg.F, which is not uncommon in the sun. The backs of modules should be as well-ventilated as possible. In very hot installations where surplus water is available, sprinklers are sometimes employed to cool the modules. On the positive side of this same issue, all modules increase output at colder temperatures, as in the wintertime when we need all the help we can get. We have seen cases when the modules were producing 30 % to 40% over specs on a clear, cold winter morning with a fresh reflective snow cover and hungry batteries. What this all boils down to is this: Derate your module output by 15% as a general rule of thumb. If you are designing a panel-direct system (where the modules are connected directly to the pump or fan without charge controllers or batteries), derate by 20%, or by 30% for direct applications in a hot climate.
Shadows
Even a tiny amount of shading dramatically affects module output. Electron flow is like water flow. It flows from high voltage to low voltage. Normally the module is high and the battery or load is lower. A shaded portion of the module drops to very low voltage. Electrons from other portions of the module and even from other modules in the array will find it easier to flow into the low voltage shaded area than into the battery.
Maintenance For Photovoltaic modules
It’s almost laughable how easy maintenance is for photovoltaic modules. Having no moving parts makes them practically maintenance-free. Basically, you keep them clean. It if rains irregularly or if the birds visit often, you would be wise to wipe the modules down. Do not hose them of when they’re hot, since uneven thermal shock could theoretically break the glass. Wash them in the morning or evening.
Control Systems
Conventional controls for photovoltaic systems are usually simple. When the battery reaches a full-charge voltage, the charging current can be directed elsewhere, or the circuit opened. Without a load, module voltage rises 5 to 10 volts and stabilizes harmlessly. When the battery voltage drops to a certain set-point, the charging circuit is closed and the modules go back to charging. Most controllers offer a few other whistles and bells like nighttime disconnect, LED indicator lights, etc.
You may be interested to explore more on photovoltaic cells and how do they work.
Useful information Solar photovoltaic:
http://www.greenearth4energy.com/solar_photovoltaic.html
Useful information photovoltaic systems:
http://www.greenearth4energy.com/photovoltaic_systems.html
Useful information photovoltaic cells:
http://ezinearticles.com/?How-Crystalline-Solar-Photovoltaic-Cells-Work&id=2768475
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